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The Scientific-Industrial Enterprise "Biotechnology", Ltd. and production of the fertiliser "Biohumus-Donskoy"

1. About the enterprise.

       
The Scientific-Industrial Enterprise "Biotechnology", Ltd. was organised in 2004. The basic purpose of the enterprise is manufacture of ecologically pure organic fertilisers and supplementary ones. The development program consists of two stages. The first of them is the creation of an industrial site for processing of cattle manure and straw and recycling these biowastes into organic fertiliser "Biohumus-Donskoy" in a dry kind. This stage was achieved at the beginning of 2005. The second stage is the release of liquid supplementary fertilisers on the "Biohumus-Donskoy" basis. At present time this product is developed and it is preparing for manufacturing.   

2. About production.

       
"Biohumus-Donskoy" is the product that is a result of the cattle manure processing by technological breed of earth worms "Staratel". Our product is bulk material and finely grained one (the grain size - 1-3 mm) with black or brown colour. This is the best natural organic-mineral fertiliser of the same class. "Biohumus-Donskoy" is a bread for plants and medicine for soil. The nature needs about 300 years for the forming of 1 cm soil layer with high humus content. We significantly accelerate this natural process due to the applying of the highly technological breed of earth worms "Staratel" that has been specially selected for this purpose in Russia. All our products have been completely certified and have been represented at different exhibitions and competitions.  

  "Biohumus-Donskoy" is the concentrated fertiliser, which contains the whole complex of plant nutrition and microelements in a balanced combination, soil enzymes, antibiotics, vitamins and other biological active substances. Additional property of this fertiliser is the high concentration of humic substances and the high pool of micro-organisms, forming the soil fertility. "Biohumus-Donskoy" does not contains pathogenic micro-organisms, eggs of helminths, cysts of pathogenic protozoa, fly-larvae and seeds of weeds. This fertiliser is utilised by plants gradually and easily during all cycle of vegetation.

3. The content of "Biohumus-Donskoy" and its property.

  The basic product of the compost processing by earth worms is the humic organic-mineral fertiliser "Biohumus-Don" (i.e., the worm compost). The fertiliser "Biohumus-Donskoy" is characterised with the following agrochemical properties (per dry mass):

• humus – 25-35 %;
• nitrogen – 0.8-2 %;
• phosphorus – 0.5-2 %;
• potassium – 0.7-2 %;
• magnesium – 0.3-0.5 %;
• calcium – 0.8-3 %;
• pH = 6.0-7.8;
• micro-organisms - 2*10 ** 12 cells.g^-1;
• fulfic and humic acids.

  The biohumus can be used as a basic organic fertiliser during the planting and the supplementary fertilising for all kinds of agricultural cultures. Additionally, this product can be applied in forestry, floriculture and also for rehabilitation and re-cultivation of soils. It is possible to fertilise an open ground during the all vegetative period (i.e., since early spring and till late autumn). The "Biohumus-Donskoy" is characterised as a fertiliser with long-term effect, which is observed within 4-7 years.

  Besides, the water soluble extract of this product can be used for the foliar application.

4. What does the "Biohumus Donskoy" provide?

  The use of the fertiliser "Biohumus-Donskoy" has two purposes:

1. The soil rehabilitation. Our product restores structure and air-hydraulic regime of soils. It provides the raising of the soil microbial pool (the microbial biodiversity are decreased due to excessive application of chemical fertilisers and deep ploughing). Moreover, it creates a nutritious organic basis both for plants and for micro-organisms. According to our opinion, mineral fertilisers are accelerators of growth processes, but chemicals are not a food for plants.

2. The increase of soil productivity. Our product provides raising of yield for vegetable cultures - from 30 up to 200 %, for potatoes - from 40 up to 150 %, for orchard trees and frutices - up to 30-50 %, for strawberry, wild strawberry and some other cultures - up to 150 %. Having bactericidal properties, our product protects plants from illnesses. It provides an acceleration of the seedling growth on 5-7 days, the maturation of vegetables and fruits - on 10-15 days. Additionally, it improves ecological and flavouring qualities of yield due to the significant decrease of mineral fertilisers application (e.g., in 2-3 times).

5. How to apply the "Biohumus-Donskoy"?

  It is necessary to spread the "Biohumus-Donskoy" over restored surface with the subsequent mixing of a superficial layer for the creation of a fertile layer or for the soil rehabilitation. The recommended dose depends on a level of soil degradation. For example, the preventive dose of supplemental fertilising is 0.3-0.6 l per m², but the dose for the complete soil rehabilitation or for the creation of a fertile layer can be raised much more than 20 l per m².

  Working with the fertiliser "Biohumus-Donskoy", it does not need special safety precautions regulations. Our fertiliser "Biohumus-Donskoy" is safe for the people, animals and bees.

6. The effect of the "Biohumus-Donskoy".

  The first results dealing with the biohumus efficiency we received from florist-fanciers in the spring of 2005 within 10 days after the exhibition "Spring garden". The biohumus, purchased by them, improved considerably health and appearance of their decorative plants after application during one week. After that the positive reviews have been received from vegetable growers. The germinating ability was raised from 70 % up to 90 %. The seedling was externally strong, had healthy dark green colour. The tomatoes which have been brought up according to the complete program of the biohumus application were not blighted practically during all period of vegetation, i.e. since the period of soaking seeds and till the final stage of vegetation. The situation with cucumbers was the same. The potatoes, which were cultivated with "Biohumus-Donskoy", blossomed for 17 days before control plants. The productivity of experimental plants was about 20-22 tubers by the size about a chicken egg at the end o f flowering in comparison with the control plants that had only 5-8 tubers with the smaller size.

  As a whole, the responses of our consumers suggests that they are very pleased with the received increase of crop yield and most important improved quality of vegetables and fruits.

  We investigated the effect of our fertiliser on cereal. Barley was our tested crop. The processing of barley was carried out with biohumus application at a stage "three leafs". The fertiliser was spread on soil surface at the dose of 150 ml on 1 m2. As a result, roots weight was increased up to 60 %, stalk weight - up to 40 %, the total amount of grains into tested ears was 24 in comparison with 16 grains into control ears. Height of the fertilised plants, i.e. both a stalk and an ear, was on 7-10 sm. above control plants. Additionally, the control plants already begun "to burn" and turned yellow, and the barley fertilised by biohumus was still green and the ear was continuing, "to be poured".

  The results given above have been received by florist-fanciers and vegetable growers. The scientific foundation of the effect of the "Biohumus-Donskoy" fertiliser was carried out by Olga S. Bezuglova, D.Sc. (Biology), Professor at the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Rostov State University (Rostov-on-Don, Russia).

  After the research the following document "The conclusion about results of research of the "Biohumus-Donskoy" fertiliser, manufactured by "The Scientific-industrial Enterprise "Biotechnology", Ltd.", was received (the complete text of the conclusion is further):

  "Laboratory experiment dealing with the study of the effect of biohumus and its derivatives on seedlings of cultural plants and also physical-chemical analysis of the fertiliser were executed at the Soil Science and Agrochemistry laboratory of the Rostov State University. The results of these investigations are represented in the tables and diagrams.

  The data received testify that all investigated substances have the expressed biological activity and as a result provide accelerating the seedlings' growth both sunflower and corn in comparison with the control plants. The significant effect of fertilisers was obtained on variants with corn (Zea mais) (tab. 1; fig. 1, 2).

  The highest weight increase of 7-day's seedlings was received on variant with the "Biohumus-Donskoy" fertiliser.

  The application of biohumus extracts has also given a positive effect. The greatest increase was received on variants with water extract of biohumus (WEB). The addition of an nettle (Urtica gen.) infusion into this extract had the biological activity reduction in comparison with WEB. That was probably caused by the uncompleted processes of fermentation.

  The use of WEB provided the greatest plant productivity on variants with sunflowers. The significant stimulating effect of the fertiliser investigated was dealt with the sunflower root system growth. This fact is very important because the well developed root system could be one of a basic factor determining the yield of agricultural crops, especially at later vegetative stages in insufficient humidifying conditions.

  The note: the fertilizers were used in dozes recommended by manufacturers.

  Table 1. The effect of biohumus and its derivatives on seedling (7 days).

 Table 2. Chemical properties of fertilisers based on "Biohumus-Donskoy"

 It is illustrative that the minimal contents of nitrogen and water soluble humus were analysed at this fertiliser (tab. 2). This fact testifies that the positive effect of this substance is not dealing with its chemical composition but its biological activity.

 Therefore, the laboratory experiments have shown the high efficiency of fertilisers investigated.

 However it is necessary to consider these results are preliminary because the experiences were carried out on seedling materials. The further investigation have to be executed considering all vegetative stages( i.e., from the first to the final stages), including quality and quantity of yield".